[ télécharger /imprimer le texte du Cylindre ]


Le cylindre de Cyrus est un cylindre fragmentaire en argile avec une inscription akkadienne de trente-cinq lignes découvertes dans un dépôt de fondation par AH (British Museum, n ° 90920, Walker, 158, Budge, XL, Rawlinson, Rassam lors de ses fouilles sur le site du temple de Marduk à Babylone en 1879 .

Un deuxième fragment, contenant les lignes 36-45, a été identifié dans la collection babylonienne de Yale University (Nies et Keizer, n ° 32) par P.-R. Berger. L'inscription totale, quoique incomplète à la fin, se compose de quarante-cinq lignes, les trois premières presque entièrement effacées.

Le texte contient un récit de la conquête de Babylone par Cyrus en 539 av. J.-C., en commençant par un récit du dieu babylonien Mardouk des crimes de Nabonide, le dernier roi chaldéen (lignes 4-8). Ensuite, il suit un récit de la recherche de Mardouk pour un roi juste, sa nomination de Cyrus pour gouverner le monde entier, et son fait de Babylone pour tomber sans bataille (lignes 9-19). Cyrus continue à la première personne, en donnant ses titres et sa généalogie (lignes 20-22) et déclarant qu'il a garanti la paix du pays (lignes 22-26), pour laquelle lui et son fils Cambyses ont reçu la bénédiction de Marduk Lignes 26-30). Il décrit sa restauration du culte, négligé sous le règne de Nabonide, et sa permission aux peuples exilés de retourner dans leur patrie (lignes 30-36). Enfin, le roi enregistre sa restauration des défenses de Babylone (lignes 36-43) et rapporte qu'au cours de l'œuvre il a vu une inscription d'Aššurbanipal (lignes 43-45, voir Kuhrt, pp.

Le texte était en fait composé par des prêtres de Marduk, sous une forme archaïsante inspirée des modèles néo-assyriens, en particulier des inscriptions d'Assurbanipal (668-27 av. J.-C.) rédigées à Babylone (Harmatta). Le cylindre contient ainsi une inscription typique du bâtiment mésopotamien, placée comme un dépôt de fondation dans les murs de Babylone pour commémorer les restaurations de Cyrus (Walker, p.159)

 

data:image/jpeg;base64,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 

 

Cyrus permet aux peuples qu'il soumet d'adorer leurs Dieux et de reconstruire leur maison. Cela ouvre pour les Juifs la possibilité de reconstruire leur Temple à Jérusalem.

Le royaume de Juda devient une province de l'empire perse, Yehoud Medinata, 'la province de Judée' en araméen.

Le fils de Cyrus, Cambyse II prolonge la politique du père.

Yehoud est désormais gouverné, politiquement, par des hauts-commissaires désignés par l'autorité perse et, religieusement, par les prêtres.

«  On a souvent parlé à cet égard de tolérance religieuse. En réalité, il s'agit moins de tolérance que de politique : afin de gouverner un empire aussi immense et aussi divers, il convenait que les Perses passent des accords avec les élites locales et donc aussi avec les sanctuaires. Leur destruction n'intervient qu'en cas de révolte contre le pouvoir impérial. » 1

1 Les Perses achéménides sont les rois du monde, Pierre Briant, in L'histoire du Proche-Orient, hors-série le monde 2016 p 40.

 

***